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This is a Judean imitation of a popular Athenian coin type. On the front is the head of Athena, distinguished by her helmet. On the back is an owl, the symbol of Athena. To the left of the owl is a…
Places:
Yehud, Land of Israel
(Southern Israel, Israel)
Date:
Persian Period, 4th Century BCE
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The front of this coin depicts an animal horn, probably a shofar (parallel lines across the horn suggest horns of rams and some other animals). If this is a shofar, it likely signifies praying to God…
Places:
Yehud, Land of Israel
(Southern Israel, Israel)
Date:
Persian Period, 4th Century BCE
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This altar is approximately 3.5 feet (1.1 m) tall and 5 feet (1.5 m) square. The protrusions at its upper corners are reminiscent of the “horns” of the Tabernacle altar (see “The Tabernacle”)…
Places:
Beersheba, Land of Israel
(Beersheba, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, 8th Century BCE
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Numerous figurines of horses, sometimes including a rider, have been found. Most have traces of paint; it is likely that they were all originally painted. The paint sometimes depicts the horse’s…
Places:
Moza, Land of Israel
(Motsa, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA, 10th–9th Century BCE
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This terra-cotta bird figurine from Lachish, about 4 inches (10 cm) high, has outspread wings indicating flight. Like the Judahite pillar figurines discussed earlier, its base is a solid pillar…
Places:
Lachish, Land of Israel
(Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, 8th Century BCE
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This seal, found at the Western Wall plaza in Jerusalem, shows a uraeus or upright cobra with four wings. Modeled on the black-necked cobra that applies its venom both by biting and spitting, it was…
Places:
Jerusalem, Land of Israel
(Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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This detail appears on the right side of a pithos (storage jar) from Kuntillet Ajrud. The two Bes figures on the lower left are unrelated to the lyre player in the upper right. Bes was a minor…
Places:
Kuntillet Ajrud, Land of Israel
(Kuntillat Jurayyah, Egypt)
Date:
Iron Age II, Late 9th–Early 8th Century BCE
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This bull figurine, 7 × 5 inches (17.5 cm × 12 cm), was cast in bronze with considerable detail. It combines highly realistic features—horns and ears, genitalia, legs and hooves—with more stylized…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel
(Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age I, Early 12th Century BCE
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The top register of this bulla from Tel ‘Eton shows a grazing doe, carved deeply into the seal with a high degree of craftsmanship. Images of grazing or browsing horned animals were popular, appearing…
Places:
Tel 'Eton, Land of Israel
(Tel ‘Eton, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, Late 8th Century BCE
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Some lamelekh impressions, like this one from Lachish, have a four-winged scarab beetle as their central image. The scarab beetle was an important mythological symbol in Egypt, associated with Khepri…
Places:
Lachish, Land of Israel
(Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE