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Many of the seal impressions, with the inscription lamelekh “(Belonging, or pertaining) to the king,” followed by the name of a city, feature a two-winged figure, probably a winged sun disk…
Places:
Tel ‘Erani, Land of Israel
(Tel ‘Erani, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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This and the next several ivories come from the approximately twelve thousand ivory pieces and fragments that were found in the royal compound in the city of Samaria, capital of the Northern Kingdom…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel
(Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE
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The lotus image on this ivory from Samaria was originally an Egyptian symbol of the life-giving power of the god Ra—experienced through the fragrance of the flower—and of the afterlife.
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel
(Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE
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Engraved tridacna (clam) shells like this one from Arad seem to have been used as cosmetic containers in the Near East and Mediterranean worlds in the late seventh and early sixth centuries BCE. This…
Places:
Arad, Land of Israel
(Tel ‘Arad, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIC, Second Half of 7th–Early 6th Century BCE
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The top register of this plaque from Hazor depicts a crouching winged sphinx wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The lower register shows two stylized three-tiered palmettes. The…
Places:
Hazor, Land of Israel
(Tel Hazor, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, first half of 8th century BCE
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From Jerusalem, this seal is made of bone. The fish image, a motif known only from Hebrew seals, suggests plenty and fertility (cf. Genesis 48:16) and may also allude to the life-giving nature of…
Places:
Jerusalem, Land of Israel
(Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, 7th Century BCE
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Images of this type—with a male figure holding two caprids (probably ibexes) by the horns—are dubbed “master of the animals” and are seen throughout the ancient world. They often represent a female…
Places:
Dan, Land of Israel
(Tel Dan, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA, Late 10th–Early 9th Century BCE
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In this detail from the left side of a pithos (storage jar) from Kuntillet Ajrud, two ibexes are eating the flora of a schematic tree, all set above a striding lion. These common motifs are typically…
Places:
Kuntillet Ajrud, Land of Israel
(Kuntillat Jurayyah, Egypt)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, Late 9th–Early 8th Century BCE
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This leaf-shaped ivory relief from Samaria depicts Horus as a child sitting on a lotus flower. The lotus was a symbol of regeneration, and because, in Egyptian belief, each pharaoh was considered an…
Places:
Samaria, Land of Israel
(Samaria, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIA–IIB, 9th–8th Century BCE
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This small sculpture of a pomegranate with a bird (most likely a dove) sitting on top is from the City of David in Jerusalem. The sculpture was probably mounted on a piece of furniture (fragments of…
Places:
City of David, Land of Israel
(Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age II, 9th–8th Century BCE