Holocaust Memorial, Judenplatz, Vienna, Austria

British artist Rachel Whiteread’s sculptures are often cast objects, representing negative space, and are made from materials such as rubber, resin, and plastic. In 1995, she was asked by Austria to create a memorial to Jews killed in the Holocaust. The result, sometimes described as an “inside-out library,” was erected in 2000 in the Judenplatz in Vienna and references both Nazi book-burnings and the notion of Jews as “people of the book.” Whiteread is the first woman ever to have won Great Britain’s prestigious Turner Prize (1993). Her solo exhibitions include shows at the Kunsthalle Basel, the Reina Sofia, the Serpentine Gallery, and the Deutsche Guggenheim.