Portrait of Eva Frank

ca. 1771

Print of half-length portrait of woman in hat and dress with lace border, and Polish text underneath.

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From the Curator

Eva Frank (1754–1816 or 1817) is one of many early modern Jewish women who overcame gender restrictions to take on influential roles as spiritual guides and teachers, even while society lagged along behind them. Born Rachel Frank, she was the daughter of Jacob (Jakob) Frank (ca. 1726–1791), a controversial and charismatic messianic figure who attracted a significant Jewish following in Eastern Europe. After his death, Eva took over as leader of the Frankists. She changed her name to Eva (Ewa) when the Frank family converted to Catholicism in 1760.

Discussion Questions

What challenges might Eva have faced as a woman in a position of religious leadership in this period?
How might the fact that Eva was the child of an established community leader have influenced her ability to challenge gender norms?
Is there a greater likelihood that a messianic movement that rejected many norms of traditional Judaism might create new opportunities for women?

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Portrait of Eva Frank

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Portrait of Eva Frank

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