Discontinuation of the Sotah Ordeal

When murderers multiplied, the [ceremony of] breaking a heifer’s neck ceased. That was from the time of Eliezer ben Dinai, who was also called Teḥinah ben Perishah and was later renamed “son of the murderer.” When adulterers multiplied, the ceremony of the bitter waters ceased. It was Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai who discontinued it, as it is said: I will not punish their daughters for fornicating, nor their daughters-in-law for committing adultery, for they themselves [turn aside with whores and sacrifice with prostitutes] (Hosea 4:14, NJPS). When Yosi ben Yoezer of Tseredah and Yosi ben Yoḥanan of Jerusalem died, the grape clusters ceased, as it is said: There is not a cluster [of grapes] to eat, not a ripe fig I could desire. [The pious are vanished from the land, none upright are left among men . . .] (Micah 7:1–2, NJPS).

Adapted from the translation of Joshua Kulp.

Credits

m. Sotah 9:9, adapted from Mishnah Yomit, trans. Joshua Kulp, www.sefaria.org. Originally from https://learn.conservativeyeshiva.org. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) License.

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 2: Emerging Judaism.

Engage with this Source

This mishnah seeks to explain the discontinuation of certain biblical practices, which it attributes to an overall decline in moral behavior. The breaking of a calf’s neck, which is biblically mandated when a murder victim is discovered between towns to absolve the nearest town of guilt (Deuteronomy 21:1–9), is said to have been discontinued because of an increase in murders. Similarly, the sotah ordeal is said to have been suspended because of an increase in fornication. Interestingly, the Mishnah does not ascribe the discontinuation of the ordeal to an increase in women committing adultery but rather to an increase in sexual promiscuity by men. This tradition is in keeping with the common rabbinic perception that spiritual fitness declines over the generations.

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