Letter to Sa‘d al-Mulk

A letter of mine was previously sent to [my esteemed master Sa‘d] al-Mulk—may God prolong his life . . . [regarding] Zayn al-Kuttāb, and what he has so far achieved in his reading—may God raise him to a higher station and cause you to delight in him. It is the case that he has now read five parashot [sections] of the Torah, and today he [is reading] from the parashah Ve-aḥare mot [Leviticus 16:1–18:30]. And when his grandfather, my lord “The Chief” [al-‘amīd], arrived back from his voyage, he [the boy] read before him, and his grandfather was filled with an overwhelming delight—may God Almighty grant him constant joy in him.

And I have been waiting for an answer to my letter that will please me and revive my efforts with the boy, in accordance with what I am used to from you, and in accordance with your previous generosity to me. Your generosity encompasses everyone, but it should certainly come to one who serves you, as I do. And in conclusion, I have produced a new, second letter, as a reminder of the former one, that you should act toward me in the manner to which I am entitled and deserve from you, in accordance with what I have done. And if I cannot enjoy the generosity of someone like you and adorn myself with your favor and with what will come to me from you, in whom should I glory?! And I am waiting for all of that, so I may thank Him and pray for you to a degree in accordance with your kindness, in which I have previously gloried. . . . [Send greetings to] the mistress [perhaps the boy’s grandmother] from me and inform her that I pray for her day and night, for what I previously received from her favor and for what I await from her generosity. This was written in the six last days of Kislev, and I congratulate them for the forthcoming holiday—May God grant you many more celebrations like it . . .

Source: CUL T-S 12.425.

Translated by Amir Ashur and Benjamin M. Outhwaite.

Credits

Manasseh, “Letter to Sa‘d al-Mulk,” CUL T-S 12.425.

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 3: Encountering Christianity and Islam.

Engage with this Source

In this Judeo-Arabic letter, a teacher named Manasseh informs Eleazar ben Judah ha-Kohen (here referred to as Sa‘d al-Mulk) that his son has impressed his grandfather with his abilities to read from the Torah. (It appears that this refers to personal study, not to public reading in the synagogue.) Manasseh accordingly asks his recipient for an increase in salary. This text invokes religious values shared by the community, especially the value of education for young boys, and makes reference to Jewish festivals. It also underscores the precarious standing of teachers, who were often underpaid. Ellipses indicate lacunae in the manuscript.

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