Mishnah Berakhot

m. Berakhot 2:1; 4:4; 5:1; 9:5

70–220

m. Berakhot 2:1

One who was reading [the verses of the Shema‘ recitation] in the Torah and the time for reciting [the Shema‘] arrived, if he directed his heart [‘im kiven libo; i.e., had the proper intention], he has fulfilled his obligation, and if not, he has not fulfilled his obligation.

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The obligation to pray standardized prayers at specific times stands in tension with the conception of prayer as heartfelt speech. Mishnah Berakhot 2:1; 4:4; and 5:1 address the question of intentionality in prayer, while m. Berakhot 9:5 mandates praising God whether experiencing good or evil.

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