Ephraim of Regensburg
Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg was a member of the Jewish court (bet din) in Regensburg and the author of numerous talmudic writings and several liturgical poems. He studied with Jacob ben Meir (1100–1071; Rabbenu Tam) in France, and several of his halakhic letters are preserved in Rabbenu Tam’s Sefer ha-yas-har (The Upright Book). At some point, Ephraim became embroiled in a legal dispute in Speyer and moved to Regensburg. He wrote Tosafot and a commentary, almost entirely lost, on the parts of the Talmud dealing with tort law. Some of his liturgical poems lament the 1137 massacre of Jews in Regensburg and the tribulations that Jews faced during the Second Crusade.