Book of the Pious
Abraham ben David (Rabad)
1180
The Chapter of Holiness
Now we must know and understand what is the appropriate intention in that [i.e., sexual] deed, and what is the intention that corrupts it and abrogates its reward and renders it evil instead of good. I therefore searched and studied to the best of my ability [lit., with my meager intelligence] and discovered the essence of…
The Book of the Pious (Ba‘ale ha-nefesh) by Abraham ben David (Rabad) is one of the most influential halakhic compendia of the laws of impurity, ritual baths, and related matters. Abraham edited this Hebrew work multiple times, often in light of the critical comments of Zeraḥiah ha-Levi of Girona. Abraham likely revised this work throughout the 1180s. This excerpt is drawn from its final chapter, titled “The Chapter of Holiness,” and describes the proper mental intentions, or motivations, a man should have during sex with his wife. This is one of the first medieval Jewish discussions of conjugal relations. Scholars have suggested that Abraham’s analysis overlaps with contemporary Christian discussions, themselves indebted to Augustine.
Related Guide
Early Medieval Law and Religious Observance
Creator Bio
Abraham ben David (Rabad)
Abraham ben David of Posquières, known as Rabad, was perhaps the most important Jewish scholar in late twelfth-century Provence. He was born in Narbonne and married the daughter of Abraham ben Isaac (ca. 1110–1179), then the head of the rabbinic court in Provence. Although today best known for his critical glosses to al-Fāsī’s Halakhot and Maimonides’ Mishneh Torah, Abraham wrote several independent halakhic treatises, and responsa, as well as commentaries on mishnaic and talmudic tractates. He engaged in a bitter correspondence with Zeraḥiah ha-Levi of Girona, whom he probably knew when they were both students. No kabbalistic works from Abraham survive, but later kabbalists, such as his son, Isaac the Blind (ca. 1160–1235), asserted that he had had a deep knowledge of it.
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