Zoroastrian Protection of Sacred Elements

b. Yevamot 63b

[The Zoroastrian priests] decreed regarding three [things] for three [sins]. They decreed regarding meat because of [negligence in tithing] the priestly gifts. They decreed regarding the bathhouses because of [negligence in] immersion. They dig up corpses because [the Jews] are happy on the day of their [Zoroastrian] festivals.

b. Shabbat 45a

They asked Rav, “Is one permitted to remove the Hanukkah lamp on the Sabbath [when moving lamps is normally forbidden] on account of the Zoroastrian priests?” He answered them, “Yes. A time of emergency is different.”

Translated byShai Secunda.

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 2: Emerging Judaism.

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Overall, there is little evidence of sustained religious persecution of the Jewish community in the Sasanian Empire. Still, we do find reference to harassment fueled by Zoroastrian religious sensitivities. The following passage from b. Yevamot refers to three such persecutions. Note that while the Talmud understands the “decrees” theosophically, as punishment for not adhering to the commandments, each persecution might be related to Zoroastrian religious practices of protecting cattle from slaughter, water from impurities, and the earth from the burial of corpses.

Some talmudic sources, including b. Shabbat 45a, mention Zoroastrian harassment of Jews concerning the proper treatment of fire, which Zoroastrians venerated.

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