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A detailed description of the priests’ sacral vestments in Exodus 28 provides written evidence of sacred dress and adornment, although neither archaeological evidence nor pictorial representations for…
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Date:
Biblical Period
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This detail appears in a relief from the palace of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (r. 705–681 BCE), in Nineveh depicting the Assyrian conquest of Lachish in 701 BCE. (For the full relief, see "Conquest…
Date:
ca. 701 BCE
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This relief from Sennacherib’s palace shows workers rebuilding Nineveh, harnessed by shoulder straps to ropes by which they haul a large bull colossus toward the palace. Workers from various places…
Date:
Early 7th Century BCE
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The fibula, which replaced the toggle pin during the Iron Age, is similar to a modern safety pin. It had a main bent section with a clasp, which was often elaborately decorated, and a simple straight…
Places:
Tell Beit Mirsim, Land of Israel
(Tell Beit Mirsim, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age II, Early 10th–Early 6th Century BCE
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Toggle pins and fibulae were fasteners for garments, and because they were often decorated, they also functioned as jewelry. The toggle pin was a thick straight pin, ornamented on its upper part or…
Places:
Mizpah, Land of Israel
(Tell en-Nasbeh, West Bank)
Date:
Iron Age I, 12th–10th Century BCE
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This detail appears on the right side of a pithos (storage jar) from Kuntillet Ajrud. The two Bes figures on the lower left are unrelated to the lyre player in the upper right. Bes was a minor…
Places:
Kuntillet Ajrud, Land of Israel
(Kuntillat Jurayyah, Egypt)
Date:
Iron Age II, Late 9th–Early 8th Century BCE
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In this detail from a pithos (storage jar) from Kuntillet Ajrud, five people stand with raised forearms (their hands are not depicted). As raised hands usually signify praying, the scene may represent…
Places:
Kuntillet Ajrud, Land of Israel
(Kuntillat Jurayyah, Egypt)
Date:
Iron Age II, Late 9th–Early 8th Century BCE
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Public Access
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Terra-cotta pillar figurines are found throughout the biblical territory of Judah and date to the eighth to seventh centuries BCE. Most were decorated with a white background layer and one or more…
Places:
Lachish, Land of Israel
(Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, 8th–7th Century BCE
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This section of the relief from the palace of Sennacherib, king of Assyria (reigned 705–681 BCE), in Nineveh depicting his conquest of Lachish in 701 BCE, shows Judahite inhabitants filing out of the…
Date:
ca. 701 BCE
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This bulla, found near the Western Wall in Jerusalem in the remains of a seventh–sixth-century BCE building, depicts two men facing each other, each raising one hand toward the other with the other…
Places:
Jerusalem, Land of Israel
(Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIC, 7th–6th Century BCE