Mishnah Terumot

m. Terumot 8:1–2, 11–12

1. If a woman [who was married to a priest] was eating terumah [the priest’s portion], and they came and said to her, “Your husband is dead,” or “He divorced you”; or if a slave was eating terumah, and they came and said to him: “Your master is dead,” or “He sold you to an Israelite,” or “He gave you away as a gift,” or “He emancipated you”; so too, if a priest was eating terumah and it became known that he was the son of a divorced woman or a ḥalitsah [a woman released from levirate marriage]: R. Eliezer says: They must repay both the value and the fifth. But R. Joshua exempts them [from the added fifth].

If [a priest] was standing and sacrificing on the altar, and it became known that he was the son of a divorced woman or a ḥalitsah: R. Eliezer says: All the sacrifices he had offered on the altar are disqualified. But R. Joshua pronounces them valid. If, however, it became known that he possessed a blemish, his service is disqualified.

2. In all the above cases, if terumah was still in their mouth: R. Eliezer says: They may swallow it. But R. Joshua says: They must spit it out. [If it was said to him], “You have become impure” or “The terumah has become impure,” R. Eliezer says: He may swallow it. But R. Joshua says: He must spit it out.

[If it was said to him], “You were impure” or “The terumah was impure,” or it became known that [the food he was eating] was untithed, or that it was the first tithe from which terumah had not yet been taken, or the second tithe or dedicated produce that had not been redeemed, or if he tasted the taste of a bug in his mouth, he must spit it out.

m. Terumot 8:11–12

11. [ . . . ] If one was passing from place to place with loaves of terumah in his hand and a gentile said to him, “Give me one of these and I will make it impure; for if not, I will defile them all,” let him defile them all and not give him deliberately one to defile; the words of R. Eliezer. But R. Joshua says: He should place one of them on a rock.

12. Similarly, if gentiles say to women, “Give us one of you that we may defile her, and if not, we will defile you all,” then let them all be defiled rather than hand over to them one soul from Israel.