Standing before the Torah

b. Makkot 22b

Rava said: How foolish [are] the rest of the people who stand before a Torah scroll [that passes before them,] and [yet] they do not stand before a great man, [when a sage passes before them;] as in a Torah scroll, forty is written and the sages came [and] subtracted one, [establishing the number of lashes as thirty-nine. Apparently, the authority of the sages is so great that they are able to amend an explicit Torah verse.]

b. Kiddushin 33b

A dilemma was raised before them: What is [the halakhah as] to [whether one should] stand before a Torah scroll? R. Ḥilkiya and R. Simon and R. Eleazar say [that this dilemma can be resolved by] an a fortiori [inference: If] one stands before those who study [the Torah, is it] not all the more so [true that one should stand] before [the Torah itself]?

R. Elai and R. Jacob bar Zavdi were sitting [and studying Torah]. R. Simeon bar Abba passed before them and they stood before him. [R. Simeon bar Abba] said to them: [You are not obligated to do this, for two reasons.] One [reason is] that you are [ordained] scholars and I [am only] an associate [i.e., he had not been ordained]. And furthermore, does the Torah stand before those who study it? [Since you are engaged in Torah study at the present moment, you are not required to stand before a Torah scholar.]

[R. Simeon bar Abba] holds in accordance with [the opinion of] R. Eleazar, as R. Eleazar says: A Torah scholar may not stand before his teacher when he is studying Torah [because he is engaged in honoring the Torah itself. Even so,] Abaye cursed [anyone who acted in accordance with this ruling, as he would give the appearance of one who disrespected his teacher].

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 2: Emerging Judaism.

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In the first of these passages, from b. Makkot, Rava makes the point that, in their power to interpret the Torah’s meaning, the rabbis wield even more authority than the Torah itself. In b. Kiddushin, the Talmud takes up the questions of whether one ought to stand out of respect in the presence of a Torah scroll and whether one ought to interrupt Torah study to stand out of respect for a Torah sage.

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