Bible Codex

This Judeo-Arabic manuscript of Yefet ben Eli’s commentary on Ezekiel 43, which Yefet composed sometime in the mid-tenth century, was copied in the eleventh century. In keeping with the theme of the…

Completed around 1008/9 for the wealthy Karaite Mevorakh ibn Joseph Ibn Yazdād, the Leningrad Codex of the Hebrew Bible contains Masoretic notes and Tiberian vocalization, and at the end, grammatical…

This magnificently decorated booklet of a single Torah portion (Shelaḥ; Numbers 13–15) was likely produced somewhere in Persia. It is written in charcoal ink, not commonly found in medieval Hebrew…

These pages from Maimonides’ personal copy of his Judeo-Arabic Commentary on the Mishnah include what may be his own drawings of the Temple in Jerusalem. Maimonides, or his scribe, orients west at the…

This partially surviving Hebrew Bible was written on parchment in Toledo, Spain, in 1198. Like most medieval Bibles, it includes the Masorah (see Masoretes, “Masorah”). The order of the books in the…

These images of decorative Masorah (see Masoretes, “Masorah”) appear in a manuscript of the Prophets that was written around the year 1200. This parchment text elsewhere notes the prophetic readings…