Greek Letter from the Cave of Letters
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Bar Kokhba Letters
P. Yadin 49–59
From Shim‘on, son of Kosiba’ to the men of ‘Ein Gedi; to Mesabala’ and Yehonathan, son of Ba‘yan: Peace! In good (circumstances) you are dwell[i]ing; eating and drinking of the property of…
Cave of Letters
Located in the Judean desert near the Dead Sea, this cave was found to contain letters and fragments of papyri from the Roman period. Many of the letters are related to the Bar Kokhba revolt…
Historical Summary of the Revolt
Roman History 69.12–14
At Jerusalem he founded a city in place of the one which had been razed to the ground, naming it Aelia Capitolina, and on the site of the temple of the god he raised a new temple to Jupiter. This…
Bar Kokhba’s Defeat
Ecclesiastical History 4.6
The rebellion of the Jews once more progressed in character and extent, and Rufus, the governor of Judaea, when military aid had been sent him by the Emperor, moved out against them, treating their…
Christian Interpretation of Bar Kokhba’s Defeat
Discourses against Judaizing Christians 5.11
[ . . . ] After the destruction which occurred under Vespasian and Titus, these Jews rebelled during the reign of Hadrian and tried to go back to the old commonwealth and way of life. What they failed…
Roman Losses during the Revolt
Letter to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
On the Parthian War
To the Emperor Antoninus.
. . . . The God who begat the great Roman race has no compunction in suffering us to faint at times and be…