Letter to Her Son, Judah

This fragmentary Judeo-Arabic letter was written in Ragusa, Sicily, by a woman, Umm al-Khayr, who had not heard from her son Judah ben Elijah for many years and, after finally receiving a letter from him, asked him to return home from Fustāt (Old Cairo). She includes details about recent family events. Many such letters ask relatives to return home, especially from trips undertaken for business purposes. Ellipses indicate lacunae in the manuscript.

My advice, which, if you had borne in mind . . . give precedence to all these words of mine according to the strength of my grief and to . . . strong and the yearning for you far away in a city not . . . [and] not close and not . . . but you are there—alone and by yourself. I, therefore, am unable to be patient.

Your brother married off Qabalah and Yamāna in Ragusa, and I am with them . . . in Ragusa. But from the day I married them off, my tears have not stopped out of my yearning for you. Your [other] brother, Abū Yūsuf, I married off in Syracuse, and he wept [out of longing for] you. If you saw him, you would not recognize him, [so changed is he] from the depth of his longing for you . . .

. . . three years we had no news while you were missing. We had a massive funeral for you. We cried over you[r loss], weeping for a man who died in a strange city where he had no friends, [where] no one knew him or cried over [his death]. Then this year your letter was read out loud to me! From the very hour of its reading, I felt . . . sorrow for your distance. I longed for your presence—may God reunite us in the most auspicious of circumstances and best frame of mind.

Right now, my son, I will make you swear by God that you will not spend more time away than you already have. I make you swear by God, my son, I pray, from the moment that you read my letters, you will make haste to come to me by any means before I die. I have not seen you nor been in your presence . . .

Your father, may God have mercy on him, died when you were present. Take it to heart, bear in mind, awaken your spirit and say, “My father died [Right margin:] in my presence, and so shall my mother die in my presence; [if not,] great guilt will befall me.” That is how it will be, my son, if I do not see your face before I leave this world. I will die with terrible heartbreak from [not seeing] your face, and terrible guilt will befall you. I wrote you a letter bef[ore] this one and i[n it]. . . . [I wrote to you with even mo]re [detail] than in this [letter]. . . . You will gain a great reward from God and the people by doing this. For if a man utterly loses someone . . . that sanctions it will be brought together to him, and he will have a reward that is gre[at] . . . . [All the more so, the one] who returns the son to his parents after [many] ye[ars] that . . . peace of God upon you . . . .

Address

Send to my son Judah ben Elijah al-Dimūnshī in the city of Fustāt. [Sent from] the island of Sicily, from one of its villages called Ragusa, from his mother, Umm al-Khayr, the one who misses him and cries and mourns for him. Handed over and paid for. May God grant you peace.

Source: JTS ENA 3792.4.

Translated by Brendan G. Goldman.

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This fragmentary Judeo-Arabic letter was written in Ragusa, Sicily, by a woman, Umm al-Khayr, who had not heard from her son Judah ben Elijah for many years and, after finally receiving a letter from him, asked him to return home from Fustāt (Old Cairo). She includes details about recent family events. Many such letters ask relatives to return home, especially from trips undertaken for business purposes. Ellipses indicate lacunae in the manuscript.

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