Measure of the Divine Body

This Hebrew mystical text offers a physical account of God’s body. Playing with images drawn from Song of Songs 5:11–16, it describes God’s limbs and the “form of man” (Ezekiel 1:26) that a mystic might behold. The work was popular among later kabbalists and those who engaged in merkavah mysticism, who embraced the anthropomorphisms in this text and found hints to divine secrets in it. Many interpreted it as describing the shekhinah or, alternatively, God’s “glory” rather than God; others read it as a description of primordial Adam (Adam kadmon). By the geonic period, the work was already controversial. Some philosophically inclined medieval Jewish writers considered it the height of heresy. Criticisms of this text also appear in Karaite and Muslim texts. Nevertheless, it remained popular throughout the Middle Ages and was the subject of several commentaries.

Engage with this Source

This Hebrew mystical text offers a physical account of God’s body. Playing with images drawn from Song of Songs 5:11–16, it describes God’s limbs and the “form of man” (Ezekiel 1:26) that a mystic might behold. The work was popular among later kabbalists and those who engaged in merkavah mysticism, who embraced the anthropomorphisms in this text and found hints to divine secrets in it. Many interpreted it as describing the shekhinah or, alternatively, God’s “glory” rather than God; others read it as a description of primordial Adam (Adam kadmon). By the geonic period, the work was already controversial. Some philosophically inclined medieval Jewish writers considered it the height of heresy. Criticisms of this text also appear in Karaite and Muslim texts. Nevertheless, it remained popular throughout the Middle Ages and was the subject of several commentaries.

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