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Ancient Jewish Material Culture
4th Century BCE–6th Century CE
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Mantles
Tunics were worn by both men and women in the Roman period. The length depended on the wearer. For example, enslaved people and laborers would wear shorter tunics to have their legs free, while women…
Tunics
The large number of woolen and linen textiles preserved in the refuge caves of the arid Judean desert offer us a glimpse of Jewish dress in the early Roman period. The style of clothing was not…
Hairnet
Hairnets were worn by married Jewish women. They are a rare find because they are not usually preserved; however, four dyed woolen nets were found at Masada, preserved by the region’s arid climate…
Ivory Objects
Ivory and bone have been used to make and decorate objects since the late Paleolithic age (50,000–12,000 BCE). In the ancient Near East, they were used for personal seals and to make and ornament…
Wooden Comb
Combs could be made of both ivory and wood and could be elegantly decorated. Egyptian, Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman combs often have two rows of teeth, with the teeth on each side being of a…
Mirror
Mirrors were used by the ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE and by almost all known cultures by 2000 BCE. By the turn of the era, silver mirrors were in fact so widespread that Pliny the Elder…