A Timeline of the Early Roman Period in Judea

63 BCE–135 CE|Early Roman Period

From Pompey to Bar Kokhba

63 BCE	Pompey conquers Judea; Hasmonean sovereignty ends
47	Caesar names Hyrcanus II high priest and ethnarch; Antipater named procurator
42	Herod succeeds his father after Antipater’s assassination
37–4	Herod the Great rules Judea
20	After Herod's rebuilding, the Jerusalem Temple is dedicated
4	Herod dies; kingdom is divided among his sons (Archelaus, Philip, Antipas)
	—turn of the era—
6 CE	Judea is ruled by procurators, such as the well-known Pontius Pilate (26–36 CE)
ca. 30–50	Tensions mount under Pilate and later Cumanus with Jewish persecutions
41	Claudius names Agrippa king of Judea
51	Jewish-Samaritan clashes under procurator Cumanus
54–68	Hostilities grow as Sicarii murders increase during the reign of Emperor Nero
64–66	Gessius Florus, a very corrupt procurator, is the last one before the Jewish Revolt
66	Jewish Revolt begins; Galilean rebellion against Agrippa II
67	Vespasian retakes Galilee, including the siege and conquest of Gamala and Jotapata
69	Vespasian declared emperor
70	Destruction of the Jerusalem Temple
73	Fall of Masada and end of the First Jewish Revolt
81–96	Reign of Domitian and harsher imposition of the Jewish tax to the fiscus judaicus
117–135	During his rule, Hadrian bans circumcision and plans to build a temple to Jupiter
132–135	Second Jewish war; Bar Kokhba revolt is quashed