Vassal Treaty of Esarhaddon, King of Assyria
7th Century BCE
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Stela with the Laws of Hammurabi
Laws of Hammurabi on Babylonian Stela, eighteenth century BCE. The stela was originally placed in the temple of the god Marduk in the city of Babylon. Inset shows part of the prologue.
The Revelation at Mount Sinai
Exodus 19–20 (selections)
On the third new moon after the Israelites had gone forth from the land of Egypt, on that very day, they entered the wilderness of Sinai. [ . . . ] Israel encamped there in front of the…
Hebrew Slaves
Exodus 21:2–11
When you acquire a Hebrew slave, he shall serve six years; in the seventh year he shall go free, without payment. If he came single, he shall leave single; if he had a wife, his wife shall leave…
Crimes against Persons
Exodus 21:12, 15–30
These Exodus verses form part of the Hebrew Bible's legal framework, addressing personal status and punishments for crimes against different social classes.
Property Offenses
Exodus 21:33–22:16
When a man opens a pit, or digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or an ass falls into it, the one responsible for the pit must make restitution; he shall pay the price to the…
Ethical and Religious Laws
Exodus 22–23 (selections)
You shall not tolerate a sorceress.
Whoever lies with a beast shall be put to death.
Whoever sacrifices to a god other than the Lord alone shall be proscribed.
You shall not wrong…