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Ancient Jewish Material Culture
4th Century BCE–6th Century CE
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Ivory Objects
Ivory and bone have been used to make and decorate objects since the late Paleolithic age (50,000–12,000 BCE). In the ancient Near East, they were used for personal seals and to make and ornament…
Wooden Comb
Combs could be made of both ivory and wood and could be elegantly decorated. Egyptian, Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman combs often have two rows of teeth, with the teeth on each side being of a…
Mirror
Mirrors were used by the ancient Egyptians as early as 3000 BCE and by almost all known cultures by 2000 BCE. By the turn of the era, silver mirrors were in fact so widespread that Pliny the Elder…
Sandal
Most people in antiquity wore sandals made of untreated leather, dry grass, or linen. The sandals were secured with strings or ropes made from organic materials. Sometimes sandals could be decorated…
Fresco Depicting Jewish Dress
The fabrics and colors used for clothing during the Roman period differed by location, with women’s clothing being more colorful than men’s. Garments in Roman Palestine were mostly made of wool from…
Jewelry
Jewelry in the Roman period was characterized by the use of colored gemstones, pearls, and glass and by intricate metal designs. Rings, bracelets, earrings, necklaces, brooches, pendants, diadems, and…