Early Medieval Homiletical Works

7th to 12th Century

Midrashic Collections and Sermons

Although midrash has its origins in the rabbinic period, several midrashic collections were composed or edited in the medieval period. Some medieval midrashic works address limited topics, such as the Ten Commandments or the death of Moses. 

Aggadic (narrative, as opposed to legal) midrash freely expands the biblical text, often drawing connections among diverse passages.

Because many midrashic interpretations were initially transmitted orally, it is difficult to date them. Midrashic collections of the medieval period clearly contain much older traditions whose compilation and circulation in the medieval period attests to their sustained popularity. Their final redaction, however, reflects medieval concerns and literary norms. 

Finally, there are extant a few sermons, which circulated independently or in small collections.

Related Primary Sources

Primary Source

Greater Teaching (Pesikta rabbati)

Pesikta rabbati (Greater Teaching), Piska 14, 30 (selections)
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Our Masters told this story: In Israel there was a certain man who owned a plowing heifer, but his wealth slipped out of his hand, and he had to sell her to a heathen. As soon as the heathen…

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The Tractate of Gehenna

Masekhet gehinom (The Tractate of Gehenna), Chapter 1, 2 (selections)
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Rabbi Yohanan began his homily with the verse Passing through the valley of weeping, they make it a valley of springs (Psalms 84:6). This means to say that the sinner confesses, just as the…

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Two Aramaic Sermons

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[ . . . ] Fortunate are penitents, for their merit grants them life in the ever-after. And they are saved from disgrace and humiliation, for indeed it is stated: Then you shall again [lit…

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Questions (She’iltot)

She’iltot (Questions), Genesis, She'ilta 1 (selections)
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Why is the house of Israel obligated to rest on the day of the Sabbath? Because when the Holy One created His world, He made it in six days and rested on the Sabbath day, and He blessed it and…

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The Chapters of R. Eliezer (Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer): On the Akedah

Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer (The Chapters of R. Eliezer), Chapter 31 (selections)
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Rabbi Jehudah said: In that night was the Holy One, blessed be He, revealed unto him, and He said unto him: Abraham! “Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest, even Isaac” (Genesis 22:2)…

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The Midrash of Three and Four

Midrash sheloshah ve-arba‘ah (The Midrash of Three and Four), Chapters 1, 2, 3, Conclusion (selections)
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[ . . . ] About three things a man must request mercy every day: good news, a good king, and a good dream—and some say even a good neighbor [see b. Berakhot 55a]. There are three to whom…