Salamone de Rossi

Salamone de Rossi was the most prominent Jewish composer of the late Italian Renaissance, as well as the last (and possibly most important) Jewish court musician. He served the Gonzaga rulers of Mantua, entering the service of Duke Vicenzo I as a singer and viola player in 1587. He later became leader of an ensemble of mainly Jewish musicians that achieved some fame and was even loaned to neighboring courts. In 1606, he was freed from the requirement of wearing the Jewish badge. De Rossi remained in the service of the duke until 1622. Following the death of the last Gonzaga and the sack of Mantua, de Rossi fled to Venice. He composed more than three hundred works, published between 1589 and 1628, including secular vocal works in Italian, instrumental music, and sacred songs. His most important work is Ha-shirim asher li-Shelomoh, thirty-three settings for three to eight voices, for Hebrew texts used in festive synagogue services.