The New Testament on Punishment in the Synagogue
Acts 22:19
Late 1st or Early 2nd Century
And I [Paul] said, “Lord, they themselves know that in every synagogue I imprisoned and beat those who believed in you.”
Translation from the New Revised Standard Version.
Translation from the New Revised Standard Version.
Credits
New Revised Standard Version Bible copyright © 1989 the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 2: Emerging Judaism.
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Punishment and Restitution Administered in the Early Synagogue
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The Ancient Synagogue
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Ancient synagogues served as central hubs for Jewish prayer, study, and community life. Archaeological evidence and primary texts reveal the evolution of these sacred spaces from the Hellenistic era to Late Antiquity.
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m. Makkot 3:12
How do they lash him? His two hands are tied to a pillar on either side of it and the minister [ḥazzan] of the synagogue grabs his clothing. If they are torn, they are torn; if they are ripped open…
Restitution in the Synagogue
b. Bava Metsi‘a 28b
The sages taught: Initially, anyone who found a lost item would proclaim [his find for] three pilgrimage festivals and [for] seven days after the last [of the three] pilgrimage festivals, so that [its…
A Single Judge in a Synagogue
y. Sanhedrin 1:1, 18a
R. Abbahu was sitting as sole judge in the inclining synagogue of Caesarea. His students said to him: Did the rabbi not teach, “Do not judge sitting alone”? He told them: Since you see me sitting…
Judgment in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur
b. Yevamot 64b, 65b
Which [halakhic conclusion] was about this [matter? Is a presumption established after two occurrences or only after three?] When R. Isaac bar Joseph came [from Erets Yisrael], he said: An incident…
Greek Inscription from Bosporus
To God Most High, almighty and blessed, in the reign of King [Mithridates], friend of [the emperor?] and friend of his homeland, in the year 338, in the month of Deios: Pothos, son of Strabo…
Greek Inscription from Panticapaeum
. . . I, [unnamed woman], release in the prayer hall [proseuchē] Elpias, my home-bred slave, so that he will be undisturbed and inviolable by all my heirs, except that he show devotion towards the…