Order of the Kings of Rome

Some accounts of Rome allot many years to Media and Persia, but according to the reckoning of the sages we count seventy years to Babylonia and fifty-two to Media and Persia. How so? Nebuchadnezzar—forty-eight years; his son, Avel-Marduk—twenty-three years; Belshazzar—two; this makes seventy. Darius and Cyrus—five; Ahasuerus—fourteen; Artaxerxes—thirty-two; Darius—one, as it is written with regard to him: then ceased [the work of the house of God . . . until the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia] (Ezra 4:24). This makes fifty-two.

However, there are other calculations in the books of the Romans: Nebuchadnezzar—thirty years; Cyrus—thirty years; Cambyses II—nine; Darius—thirty-six; Xerxes—twenty-one years; Artaxerxes—forty; Darius [II]—nineteen; Arsaces—forty years; another Artaxerxes [III]—twenty-six years; Arses—three years; Darius [III]—six years. This completes the list of the kings of Babylonia, Media, and Persia.

The kings of Greece [Ptolemaic dynasty]: Alexander—five years; Ptolemaios—forty years; Philadelphos—thirty-eight years; Euergetes—twenty-six years; Philopator—seventeen years; Epiphanes—twenty-four years; Philometor—thirty-five years; Euergetes—twenty-nine years; Ptolemy [IX?]—seventeen years; Alexander—ten years; Ptolemy—eight years; Dionysos—thirty years; Theos Philopator—five years.

The kings of Rome: Julius Caesar I—five years; Octavian Augustus I—forty-two years until [Jesus]; fourteen years from the birth of [Jesus] until Tiberius; twenty-three years from Tiberius until his death; five years from his death until Caligula; Caligula—three years, ten months, and seven days; Claudius—fourteen years; Nero—thirteen years and seven months; Galba—seven months; Lucceius [Otho?]—seven months; Vitellius—eight months and one day; Vespasian—nine years and seven days; Titus—two years, a month, and twenty days; Mucianus [Domitian?]—fifteen years; Nerva—one year, four months, and eight days; Trajanus—nineteen years, ten months, and fifteen days; Hadrianus—twenty-one years, ten months, and twenty days; Antio Pius, known as Antoninus—twenty-three years; [Marcus Aurelius] Antoninus—eighteen years; Lucius—ten years and eight months; Antoninus Commodus—thirteen years; Helvius [Pertinax]—six months; Julianus—two months; Severus—fifteen years and three months; Antoninus Caracalla—six years and two months; Macrinus—one year and two months; Antoninus [Elagabalus]—two years and eight months; [Severus] Alexander—thirteen years and eight months; Maximinus—three years; Pupienus and Balbinus—three months; Gordianus—three years; Philip I and Philip II—seventeen years. These were the first rulers of Rome.

Decius, who was the first [king] of the Christians, reigned for one year and three months; Gallus—thirteen years; Valerianus and his son Gallienus—fifteen years; Postumus—ten years; Claudius—one year; Quintillus— seventeen days; Aurelianus—five years and six months; Tacitus—six months; Florianus—twenty years; Probus—six years and ten months; Carus—one year; Carinus Tamirinos—two years; Diocletianus—two years; Maximianus—eighteen years; “Kushta Paupa”—nine; Severus II—fifteen; Maxentius—nineteen years; Licinius—seventeen years; Maximinus [II]—thirteen years; Constantius—twenty-four years; Constantine [the Great], who built Constantinople and established his reign there—thirty years; another Constantine [II]—fourteen years; Constans—twelve years; Julian the Apostate—twelve years; Jovianus—eight months; Valentinianus—thirteen years; Valens and his brother Valentinianus—thirteen years and eight months; Gratianus and Valentinianus—six years; Flavius Theodosius—sixteen years; Arcadius and Honorius—thirteen years; after that, Honorius reigned with his brother’s son, Theodosius, for fifteen years; after which Theodosius, son of Arcadius, reigned alone for twenty-three years; Valentinianus—twenty-nine years; Marcianus— six years and five months; Avitus—one year and five months; Maiorianus—three years; Severus—five years; Leo the older and Leo the Younger—seventeen years; Anthemius—six years; Olybrius—one year; Zeno—seventeen years and two months; Anastasius— twenty-seven years and four months; Justin the Great [I]‌—nine years; Justinian the Great—thirty-nine years, this is the Justinian who built the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople; Justinian the Younger—eleven years, in his days the Langobards entered Italy; Tiberius—seven years and two days; Mauricius—thirty-one years and three days; Phocas—eight years; Heraclius—thirty-one years; Heraklonas—two years; Constantinus, known as Constans, who died in on the island of Crete—twenty-seven years; Constantine, son of Heraclius—ten months; his son, Constantine—twenty-eight years; Constantine, son of the aforementioned Constantinus the Great—seventeen years; Justinian [II]—six years; Philippikos Bardanes—two years; Anastasius—three years; Theodosius [III]—one year; Philippikos Bardanes—two years; Leo [III] the Isaurian—twenty-seven years; Constantine the vilified—thirty-five years; Leo [IV] “the Khazar,” who commands the Romans, when they called him king, to come to Benevento in the days of Duke Arechisi [II]—fifteen years; Leo—five years; Constantine—six years; a different Constantine, with his mother Irene, in whose time the Germans began to rule over the Romans; he and his mother reigned for six years; Irene, his mother, reigned alone for eight years; Nikephoros—nine years; Staurakios, with his son—three months; Michael Kouropalatēs—two years; Leo [V] reigned for seven years; he smashed the idolatrous images of Constantinople, and deposed and killed [patriarch] Nikephoros, another prince; a different Michael [II] reigned for nine years, during which period Arabs descended into Crete and Sicily; Theophilos, son of Michael—twelve years; another Michael, known as Porphyrogenitus,¹ and his mother—fourteen years; after his mother’s death, he continued to reign for twelve years; Basil [I] “para Tsimomnos,” by himself for eleven years, and subsequently with his sons Leo [VI] and Alexander for nine years; Leo and Alexander—twenty-six years; Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, son of Leo—when he turned three, his father elevated him to the throne, and he reigned with his father for four years, his father then died and he reigned for four years before Sisini Asher Romanos [Romanos I Lekapenos], known as the admiral, stole the throne from him and reigned with him for twenty-seven years, after Romanos died, he reigned for seventeen years; Romanos, son of Constantine—two years; after him, his minor sons ascended, but Nikephoros [Phokas] entered in opposition to them and married their mother, and he has currently been ruling the kingdom of Constantinople with them for four years.