Qumran Caves 4 and 5

ca. 100 BCE–68 CE

These caves, discovered by Bedouin shepherds at the end of the British Mandate period (1918–1948), contained numerous scrolls and scroll fragments, which came to be known as the Dead Sea Scrolls, in addition to personal and domestic items from the Second Temple period.
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© Alon Adika / Shutterstock.

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 2: Emerging Judaism.

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Aerial photograph of desert ridge with several openings.
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Qumran Archaeology

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1st Century BCE–1st Century CE

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