Enslaved People Manumitted in the Early Synagogue

1st Century
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These inscriptions from the first century CE record the freeing of enslaved people, a ceremony that seems to have taken place in the synagogue. A number of Jewish manumission records are known from Bosporus, in Asia Minor; the invocation of Zeus at the end of the Bosporus inscription here reflects local legal norms and is not evidence of Jewish worship of Greek gods. In the second inscription, from Panticapaeum in Crimea, the synagogue is seemingly an involved party in the manumission.

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Greek Inscription from Bosporus

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To God Most High, almighty and blessed, in the reign of King [Mithridates], friend of [the emperor?] and friend of his homeland, in the year 338, in the month of Deios: Pothos, son of Strabo…

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Greek Inscription from Panticapaeum

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. . . I, [unnamed woman], release in the prayer hall [proseuchē] Elpias, my home-bred slave, so that he will be undisturbed and inviolable by all my heirs, except that he show devotion towards the…