The Festivals and the Calendar Controversy

The book of Jubilees, which is framed as a narration to Moses by an angel at Sinai, divides history into cycles of seven times seven years, or “jubilees.” The book’s interest in calculating time includes a polemic for the 364-day solar calendar, as opposed to the biblical lunar calendar, for determining the timing of festivals.
 

Calendration was not merely a practical matter. The ritual calendar was thought to reflect the cosmic calendar inherent in the world since its creation. Jubilees maintains that the festivals and their appointed times were inscribed on heavenly tablets and were observed by the heavenly hosts since the creation of the world. In Jubilees’ narrative, Shavuot is observed by Noah, and the festivals are observed at their correct times by the patriarchs, although their descendants would eventually adopt the “incorrect” lunar calendar.
 

One noteworthy aspect of Jubilees’ treatment of the festivals is that Shavuot is not only referred to by its biblical names, the Festival of Firstfruits and the Festival of Weeks (shavu‘ot), referring to the seven weeks counted from Passover; it is also called the Festival of Oaths (shevu‘ot), commemorating the oath sworn by Noah and his sons not to eat blood. This may suggest some doubt as to how the word šb‘wt was to be vocalized and understood, or it may reflect a creative (mis)reading.

Engage with this Source

The book of Jubilees, which is framed as a narration to Moses by an angel at Sinai, divides history into cycles of seven times seven years, or “jubilees.” The book’s interest in calculating time includes a polemic for the 364-day solar calendar, as opposed to the biblical lunar calendar, for determining the timing of festivals.
 

Calendration was not merely a practical matter. The ritual calendar was thought to reflect the cosmic calendar inherent in the world since its creation. Jubilees maintains that the festivals and their appointed times were inscribed on heavenly tablets and were observed by the heavenly hosts since the creation of the world. In Jubilees’ narrative, Shavuot is observed by Noah, and the festivals are observed at their correct times by the patriarchs, although their descendants would eventually adopt the “incorrect” lunar calendar.
 

One noteworthy aspect of Jubilees’ treatment of the festivals is that Shavuot is not only referred to by its biblical names, the Festival of Firstfruits and the Festival of Weeks (shavu‘ot), referring to the seven weeks counted from Passover; it is also called the Festival of Oaths (shevu‘ot), commemorating the oath sworn by Noah and his sons not to eat blood. This may suggest some doubt as to how the word šb‘wt was to be vocalized and understood, or it may reflect a creative (mis)reading.

Read more

You may also like