Jewish Community of Cyrene

And this same Strabo bears witness in another passage that at the time when Sulla crossed over into Greece in order to wage war against Mithridates, he sent Lucullus to put an end to a sedition that our nation, of whom the habitable earth was full, had raised in Cyrene, where he speaks as follows: “There were four classes of men among those of Cyrene: that of citizens, that of husbandmen, the third of metics, and the fourth of Jews. Now these Jews have already made their way into every city, and it is difficult to find a place in the habitable earth that has not admitted this tribe of men and that is not possessed by them, and it has come to pass that Egypt and Cyrene, inasmuch as they had the same rulers, as well as a great number of other nations, imitate their way of living and maintain large populations of these Jews in a peculiar manner, and rise to greater prosperity with them, and make use of the same laws with that nation also. [ . . . ] In Egypt, therefore, this nation has been powerful because the Jews were originally Egyptians and because the land wherein they inhabit, since they went there, is near to Egypt. They also immigrated to Cyrene, because this land bordered on the government of Egypt, just like Judaea, or rather was formerly under the same government.” And this is what Strabo says.

Translated by William Whiston, adapted by Aaron Samuels.

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 2: Emerging Judaism.

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Cyrene came under Ptolemaic rule in 321 BCE and was part of the Egyptian Empire until it fell to the Romans in 96 BCE. After 74 BCE, it became a part of Roman Cyrenaica, the capital of which was Cyrene.

Jews were sent to Cyrene in the early third century BCE by Ptolemy I Soter (r. 323–285 BCE) and were guaranteed civic equality under the Ptolemies. Josephus quotes the ancient Roman historian Strabo’s description of the Jews of Cyrene as one of the city’s four “classes of men.” Strabo goes on to describe the Jews as spread throughout the Roman Empire, noting that there are many in the empire who have adopted their ways and that where the Jews live there is greater prosperity. Josephus also recounts how Jonathan, one of the Sicarii, escaped to Cyrene and tried to incite the Jews of Cyrene to rebellion after Jerusalem fell. Scholars point to this event, among others, to argue that there must have been close relations between Jerusalem and Cyrene. Like other diaspora communities, the Jews of Cyrene sent donations to Jerusalem for the support of the Temple.

The Jews of Cyrene participated in the bitter Jewish uprising of 115–117 CE against the Roman Empire. Suppressed finally by the Roman legions, the city of Cyrene was ruined.

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