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In every caste system the lower caste occupies a marginal position vis-à-vis the upper caste. The Jews were a marginal element to the Polish nobility. The margin was not isolated, for the Jews could…
It was in the early eighteenth century (1700–1706) when some Ottoman Jews of Spanish and Portuguese origin left Turkey to settle in Vienna. A chronicle has preserved for us the names of the three…
A major segment of the Jewish people—the Jewish communities in Western and Central Europe—is today experiencing one of the most difficult moments in all of Jewish history. Although we Jews as a people…
The real start of the myth of the Jew with the Knife in English literature goes back to the tale, already hundreds of years old, which Chaucer puts into the mouth of his Prioress, a character faintly…
The era of Western history that began with the French Revolution ended in Auschwitz. The emancipation of the Jews was reversed in the most horrendous way. For a short while after 1945 the reigning…
What does the Voice of Auschwitz command?
Jews are forbidden to hand Hitler posthumous victories. They are commanded to survive as Jews, lest the Jewish people perish. They are commanded to remember…
Berlin-Grunewald
Tauberstr. 16
February 26, 1970
Dear Mr. Scholem,
Writing this letter does not come easily to me; hence the long delay. And now you know already that I have not been able to decide in…
When macabre reality gnaws at a person’s soul, it is hard to devote oneself to psychological investigation, even of very pressing subjects. The event also seemed cut off from life, entirely academic…
2. What was it that made for the peculiar position of the Jews in the Middle Ages and later, until emancipation came along? It was the ghetto, we are told and told again, which was at the root of…
The Jews of Morocco are in the limelight today. The condition of the Jews in a given country always has a certain international dimension. It is a kind of sociological test and a touchstone…