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Passover Letter
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To my brothers Jedaniah and his colleagues the Jewish Troop, your brother Hananiah.May the gods seek the welfare of my brothers at all times.And now, this year, year 5 of Darius the king, word has…

Places:

Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)

Date:

419/418 BCE

Subjects:

Archaeology, Passover, Leadership, Diaspora, Calendar, Letters

Categories:

Firsthand accounts, Letters
Takkanot (Regulations)
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Text
The Holy One, blessed be He, gave understanding, wisdom, knowledge, fear of sin, and generosity of soul to the eminent philanthropist, so that he should earn a good name and receive glory, his honor R…

Contributor:

The Jewish Community of Maḥla (Egypt)

Places:

Maḥla, Ottoman Empire (Al Maḩallah al Kubrá, Egypt)

Date:

17th Century

Subjects:

Government, Leadership, Communal organizations, Profession, Law

Categories:

Law, Legal Codes
Imprisonment of Jewish Leaders
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[To my brother PN, your brother Islah. It is well for me here]. May the gods seek after your welfare at all times. And now, . . . PN son of PN went to Syene and did/made . . . . Behold, these are the…

Places:

Elephantine, Egypt (Jazīrat Aswān, Egypt)

Date:

410–400 BCE

Subjects:

Archaeology, Diaspora, Leadership, Family, Crime, Letters

Categories:

Firsthand accounts, Letters
Jar with Governor of the City Inscription
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To/of the governor of the city. Translated by Shmuel Aḥituv, Ze’ev Meshel, and Esther Eshel.

Places:

Kuntillet Ajrud, Land of Israel (Kuntillat Jurayyah, Egypt)

Date:

Late 9th–Early 8th Century BCE

Subjects:

Archaeology, Economic life, Food and drink, Cities, Leadership

Categories:

Household objects
Jar with two handles and Hebrew inscription.
Responsum: On Communal Leadership
Public Access
Text
Question: The holy community of Rhodes (may their Rock protect and sustain them) agreed and accepted upon themselves, under the threat of very severe penalties, that no member of Israel—not Sargons n…

Contributor:

David Ibn Abi Zimra

Places:

Cairo, Ottoman Empire (Cairo, Egypt)

Date:

Mid–16th Century

Subjects:

Rabbis, Leadership, Community, Justice system, Diaspora, Law, Responsa

Categories:

Law, Responsa