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The Lord spoke to Moses on Mount Sinai: Speak to the Israelite people and say to them:
When you enter the land that I assign to you, the land shall observe a sabbath of the Lord. Six years you may…
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The top register of this bulla from Tel ‘Eton shows a grazing doe, carved deeply into the seal with a high degree of craftsmanship. Images of grazing or browsing horned animals were popular, appearing…
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Tel 'Eton, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Eton, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, Late 8th Century BCE
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Many of the seal impressions, with the inscription lamelekh “(Belonging, or pertaining) to the king,” followed by the name of a city, feature a two-winged figure, probably a winged sun disk…
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Tel ‘Erani, Land of Israel (Tel ‘Erani, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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Some lamelekh impressions, like this one from Lachish, have a four-winged scarab beetle as their central image. The scarab beetle was an important mythological symbol in Egypt, associated with Khepri…
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Lachish, Land of Israel (Tel Lakhish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Late 8th–7th Century BCE
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This black stone seal, from the City of David in Jerusalem, depicts two bearded men with their hands raised in a gesture of worship, flanking an altar or pedestal. The crescents on the altar or…
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City of David, Land of Israel (Jerusalem, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB–IIC, Mid-8th–Mid-7th Century BCE
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Lachish, Land of Israel (Tel Lachish, Israel)
Date:
Iron Age IIB, Late 8th Century BCE
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On this coin, the owl has lost some of the distinctive features of the Athenian prototypes. Instead of the large prominent eyes, the face is relatively small, and the eyes are even smaller. The bird’s…
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Yehud, Land of Israel (Southern Israel, Israel)
Date:
Persian Period, 4th Century BCE
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The image of an ear on this coin may symbolize God as the one who hears prayers, as in passages such as Psalm 34:16, 18, and Psalm 130:2. The image is paralleled on Egyptian stelas that depict…
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Yehud, Land of Israel (Southern Israel, Israel)
Date:
Persian Period, 4th Century BCE
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Date:
New Kingdom (Egypt), 14th Century BCE
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You shall set aside every year a tenth part of all the yield of your sowing that is brought from the field. You shall consume the tithes of your new grain and wine and oil, and the firstlings of…
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