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A fragment of an ancient papyrus document featuring lines of faded Greek script, with several lines in a Semitic script toward the bottom. There are visible holes, missing sections, and frayed, torn edges throughout the manuscript.

Guide

The Rabbinic Legacy: Bavli Ketubbot

3rd–6th Centuries

A carved bone figurine with a long body, stylized arms, a detailed headdress, and simple facial features.

Guide

What is Midrash?

2nd–12th Centuries

Ancient stone building with small windows and doorways, constructed from large, rough-hewn rocks, surrounded by trees. The structure has multiple levels and is partially covered by a thatch roof.

Guide

Tannaitic Midrash

1st–3rd Centuries

A small, narrow stone room with wooden shelves, woven baskets, pottery, and other household items. One wall has low window openings.

Guide

Amoraic Midrash

2nd–9th Centuries

Contributor

Berakha Ḥabas

1900–1968

A rectangular stone mosaic with multiple lines of Hebrew script in dark tiles, set against a background of lighter-colored tiles. The mosaic appears weathered and is displayed outdoors.

Guide

Ancient Rabbinic Halakhah (Law)

2nd–6th Centuries

Aerial view of an ancient stone structure with steps along the sides, five central pillars, and partially intact surrounding walls in a desert archaeological site.

Guide

Sectarian Halakhic Disputes Recorded in Rabbinic Law

1st–6th Centuries

Ancient stone ruins with columns and arches under a blue sky. A central doorway and niche are visible, with sunlight casting shadows on the stone floor. Vegetation can be seen through the open doorway.

Guide

Ancient Rabbinic Texts about the Two Torahs: Oral and Written

3rd–6th Centuries

Aerial view of ancient stone ruins with rectangular and circular structures, surrounded by trees and pathways.

Guide

Biblical Law versus Rabbinic Law in Rabbinic Texts

1st–6th Centuries

Ancient wall painting in a stone tomb featuring ornate menorahs, a depiction of a Torah shrine or ark, decorative patterns, and symbolic objects. The artwork is faded and partially damaged.

Guide

Characteristic Features of Ancient Rabbinic Halakhah

1st–6th Centuries

Partially preserved stone building facade with an arched entrance and four columns in front. Other stone ruins are visible through the entryway.

Guide

Sources of the Law, According to the Ancient Rabbis

1st–6th Centuries

Aerial view of an ancient fortress atop a rugged desert plateau, with dramatic cliffs leading down to the dry landscape and the Dead Sea visible in the background.

Guide

Historical Sources for Early Judaism

332 BCE–600 CE