Jewish Identity and Tunisian Independence
Albert Memmi
1962
I was born in Tunisia, in Tunis, a few steps from that city’s large ghetto. My father, a harness maker, was somewhat pious, naturally somewhat so, as were all men of his trade and his station in life. My childhood was marked by the rhythms of the weekly Sabbath and the cycle of Jewish holidays. At a fairly early age, after first attending yeshivah…
In this autobiographical essay, Albert Memmi, a prominent intellectual and anti-imperialist writer, describes his life from his early days near the Jewish ghetto in Tunisia through his political awakening during the Spanish Civil War and the decolonization of North Africa. Memmi recounts his struggle between his support for Tunisian independence and his Jewish, Zionist identity which were at odds and could not be reconciled. Under the new regime in Tunisia, Jews and Judaism were excluded from both constitution and culture. Memmi concludes by reiterating his support despite feeling a lack of belonging within his national home; he sees the exclusion as a regression, locating North African Jews in the same space that European Jews had long occupied.
Memmi grew up in Tunisia and moved to France; how did the far-off State of Israel affect his identity?
Why isn’t Memmi surprised that the “new states preferred to do without [the Jews]” even though he did not appear to suffer persecution as a Jew growing up?
How would you describe Memmi’s changing relationship to Judaism?
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Creator Bio
Albert Memmi
Best known for his fictional, autobiographical, and sociological studies of racism and colonialism, Albert Memmi was born in Tunis near the Jewish ghetto of Hara. After completing his secondary studies in Tunis, he studied at the University of Algiers and the Sorbonne, where he met his Catholic wife. During the war, Memmi was imprisoned in a Nazi labor camp, from which he managed to escape. Following the war, Memmi taught at the Lycée Carnot in Tunis and published The Colonizer and the Colonized, a reflection on the decolonization of French North Africa, which has become one of the principal texts in postcolonial theory. Ironically, the anticolonialist agenda of the Tunisian independence movement led to Memmi’s expulsion to Paris in 1970.