The Masada Synagogue
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The Gamala Synagogue Complex
The earliest archaeological remains of identifiable synagogue buildings date to the early Roman period and come from the land of Israel. The synagogue at Gamala is one of only a handful of synagogues…
The Magdala Synagogue
The assembly hall of the synagogue in Magdala, by the western shore of the Sea of Galilee, was accessed through a long, narrow vestibule, which may have served as a study or storage room. The center…
Magdala Synagogue Table
This limestone “table” was found in the central area of the hall of the Magdala synagogue. The table measures approximately 24 × 20 × 16 inches (60 × 50 × 40 cm) and stands on four short legs. The…
The Ostia Synagogue
Jews living in the diaspora experienced disconnection from the Temple even before 70 CE. Thus, synagogues outside the land of Israel developed earlier and drew from…
The Sardis Synagogue
Like their counterparts in the land of Israel, diaspora synagogues were lavishly decorated. The synagogue at Sardis, Turkey, which could fit almost a thousand people, was formerly a gymnasium and…
The Sardis, Baram, and Nabratein Synagogues
This reconstruction of three Galilean synagogue façades, from Meiron (left), Baram (center), and Nabratein (right), illustrates common synagogue styles in late antiquity. Some synagogues, as the ones…