Rising from Merchant Status
Sifre Deuteronomy 357
3rd or 4th Century
And Moses was a hundred and twenty years old [when he died] (Deuteronomy 34:7).
He was one of four who died at the age of one hundred and twenty, and these were Moses, Hillel the Elder, Rabban Yoḥanan ben Zakkai, and R. Akiva. Moses was in Egypt for forty years and in Midian for forty years and led Israel for forty years. Hillel the Elder came up…
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Commerce, Markets, and Finance in the Economy of Ancient Judea
2nd Century BCE–4th Century CE
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Economics, Labor, and Charity in Ancient Judaism
4th Century BCE–6th Century CE
Jewish texts from late antiquity on labor, wealth, and poverty reflect a shift from the agrarian economy of the Bible to a more urban system of commerce.
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Jewish Daily Life in Roman-Era Palestine
1st Century BCE–6th Century CE
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