Court Testimony (Alexandria)

The three of us sitting together, we formed a court of law, we the undersigned, and the following happened: Mar Muvḥar ha-zaken [“the elder”] ben Mar Tsedakah came before us, and said to us:

“I was present in the vestibule of the house of the most honored Za‘im al-Mulk, in Alexandria, and ‘Imrān and Ezra, the sons of Bashīr ben Naḥum, were also present. And I warned them against the quarrels that they are engaged in these days, and while we were speaking, I mentioned the excommunication that our master Daniel ha-Nasi, the head of the academy of the Pride of Jacob, had placed upon their house. The abovementioned ‘Imrān said, ‘May God crush the bones of Daniel into dust in the mouth of this ‘Imrān.’ And his brother, the abovementioned Ezra, said: ‘Amen.’ And they repeated this several times.” And this Mar Muvḥar mentioned that Ezra the aforementioned also supported his brother ‘Imrān regarding the words he said.

It is a shame for both of them! We, the court of law, wrote down this case in order to corroborate this testimony and in order to attach to it another testimony that was given by another witness against the abovementioned Ezra, similar to this testimony, in order to determine at this time what has to be done in this matter according to the imperatives of the law. And our signatures were delayed, because of what happened in our presence when this testimony was brought before us on Tuesday, [the tenth of Sivan,] in the year 4839 after the creation of the world, according to the system of counting that we use in the city of Alexandria, which sits on the shore of the Great Sea.

This was confirmed and attested by Jacob ha-Kohen ben Yeshu‘a, Hillel ha-Ḥazan ben Eli, Manasseh bar Yefet.

Source: CUL T-S Misc.23.3.

Translated by Dora Zsom.

Published in: The Posen Library of Jewish Culture and Civilization, vol. 3: Encountering Christianity and Islam.

Engage with this Source

This Judeo-Arabic court record, interspersed with Hebrew and Aramaic, reports a curse made against the controversial gaon Daniel ben ‘Azariah ha-Nasi (d. 1062) by two Jews from the family of Bashīr ben Naḥum. Nearly twenty years earlier in 1060, the family had opposed Daniel’s political ambitions, and in retaliation, Daniel had excommunicated them. In this letter from 1079, ‘Imrān and Ezra, Bashīr’s sons, continue to speak negatively about the former gaon, despite his having died in 1062. Here, the prosecutor Muvḥar appears to seek to bolster his case against them by purposefully provoking them to speak ill of Daniel.

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