Dove of the king’s palace
Solomon ben Isaac (Rashi)
Late 11th Century
This poem, a tahanun, seems to be a penitential prayer for the season around the Days of Awe, as the last line of the poem seems to flow straight into the beginning of the fixed passage in the selihot liturgy that begins “O our master in heaven, we supplicate you!” The poem is a sustained metaphor of the Jewish people as a dove, beloved by the king (God), who has been expelled from her dovecote (Jerusalem) for a minor infraction, and is navigating a dangerous exile among birds of prey (the nations). Sustained metaphors like this are very rare in piyyutim, especially in northern Europe. The speaker prays for the rise of “the leader of all birds,” a reference to a resurrected King David, based on a passage in the midrashic Chapters of R. Eliezer (Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer). After this, the final lines of the poem drop the dove metaphor entirely.
Related Guide
Early Medieval Liturgical Poetry (Piyyut)
Creator Bio
Solomon ben Isaac (Rashi)
Solomon ben Isaac of Troyes (Rashi) was the most prominent rabbi of eleventh-century France and certainly one of the most enduring medieval Jewish figures. Although first educated in Troyes, perhaps by his father, Rashi studied in the German academies before returning home, a move that came to signal the transfer of northern European talmudic learning to France. Rashi composed commentaries on nearly the whole Babylonian Talmud; they quickly won widespread acceptance, displacing competing works. Rashi’s commentary on much of the Hebrew Bible, particularly on the Pentateuch, was also immensely popular. Rashi was also an influential jurist and composed many decisive responsa. His students and descendants were leading talmudists for several generations.