Those who say father, son, and spirit

This piyyut, meant to be recited on Yom Kippur as part of the Amidah, directly after the verse “Holy, holy, holy, Lord of Hosts, whose glory fills the whole earth” (Isaiah 6:3), is an explicitly anti-Christian polemic. Christians interpreted that verse as referring to the Trinity, so Ibn Abitur takes the opportunity to attack those who worship on Sunday and observe Friday, perhaps by fasting. Many of Ibn Abitur’s negative images reflect ideas from the polemical Toledot Yeshu (The Life of Jesus), including references to “those who create a form of clay to worship” and the crucifixion of Jesus on a “cabbage stalk.”