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To my brothers Jedaniah and his colleagues the Jewish Troop, your brother Hananiah.May the gods seek the welfare of my brothers at all times.And now, this year, year 5 of Darius the king, word has…
[To my brother PN, your brother Islah.
It is well for me here]. May the gods seek after your welfare at all times. And now, . . . PN son of PN went to Syene and did/made . . . .
Behold, these are the…
Behistun Trilingual Inscription, Persia. This inscription of Darius I (reigned 522–486 BCE) illustrates the polyglot character of the Persian Empire. Versions in the Old Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian…
On the 18th of Phaophi, year four of Artaxerxes the king in Elephantine the fortress, Malchiah son of Jashobiah, an Aramean, hereditary-property-holder in Elephantine the fortress of the detachment of…
To our lord Bagavahya governor of Judah, your servants Jedaniah and his colleagues the priests who are in Elephantine the fortress.
May the God of Heaven seek after the welfare of our lord abundantly…
On the 18th of Kislev, that is the 17th day of Thoth, year 21 (of Xerxes the king), the beginning of the reign when Artaxerxes the king sat on his throne, Dargamana son of Khvarshaina, a Khwarezmian…
To Hoshaiah. Your welfare (may DN seek after at all times).
Now, look after the children by yourself until Ahutab comes. Do not entrust them to others.
If their bread is ground, knead for them 1 qab,…
Words of Ahiqar, Elephantine, 5th century BCE. This Aramaic manuscript contains the oldest-known version of Ahiqar, a wisdom book that includes proverbs similar to those found in the biblical book of…
Elephantine letter, dated to year 17 of King Darius II (November 25, 407 BCE). See Request about the Rebuilding of the Elephantine Temple) and Darius and Xerxes, Kings of Persia. The letter is…
In the month of Elul, that is Payni, year four of Darius the king, then in Elephantine the fortress, Menahem and Ananiah, two sons of Meshullam son of Shelomam, Jews of Elephantine the fortress of the…