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Ancient fresco showing a group of men and women in robes, some standing and gesturing, others seated on thrones. A man on horseback and a youth are on the left; decorative animal and portrait motifs run along the bottom.

Source

Mordecai and Esther Wall Painting, Dura-Europos

Late 2nd–3rd Century

Ancient mosaic showing a person in a robe holding a lyre, with Hebrew letters above and part of an animal figure on the right side.

Source

King David Floor Mosaic, Gaza

6th Century

Ancient mosaic depicting a human face with red hair, large eyes, and a neutral expression, made from small colored tiles. The face is outlined with a halo-like border.

Source

Woman Floor Mosaic, Huqoq

5th Century

A rectangular stone mosaic with multiple lines of Hebrew script in dark tiles, set against a background of lighter-colored tiles. The mosaic appears weathered and is displayed outdoors.

Source

Talmudic Inscription, Rehob

3rd–6th Century

Source

A Timeline of the Early Roman Period in Judea

63 BCE–135 CE|Early Roman Period

Source

Major Tannaim and Amoraim

70–600

Page of papyrus with lines of Greek text. The left side is cut off.

Source

A Letter to Apollonius from Toubias

Toubias

Letter from Toubias to Apollonius the Dioiketes

257 BCE

A weathered, roughly rectangular stone slab with ancient Greek inscriptions carved into its surface. Several parts are chipped, cracked, and uneven, with some repairs visible.

Source

Inscription from the Seleucid Conquest

Hefzibah Inscription

190s BCE

Source

Seleucus Tries to Confiscate the Temple Treasure

2 Maccabees 3:13–40

Late 2nd Century BCE

An ancient stone stela with faded, inscribed text in Greek, topped by a flower-like carving and featuring a pointed, decorated top. The stone shows visible cracks and repairs.

Source

The Heliodoros Stela

178 BCE

Source

Rival High Priests Leave Jerusalem Vulnerable

2 Maccabees 5:11–6:16

Late 2nd Century BCE

Source

Mattathias’s Uprising according to 1 Maccabees

1 Maccabees 2:1–4:35

Mid- to Late 2nd Century BCE